Georgi’s Blog

RTFM for Slackware (EN)

< <<<< These commands are for Slackware. They might differ on different distributions>>>>>
pwd - full path of the current directory (where are you at in the system)
apropos xxx - list of commands that have xxx
w - who is logged in.
last - list of last logins and reboots
lastb - list of last bad logins
uptime - the uptime of the system after last reboot, load average and other info
ps - list of running processes
ps -aux - full list of processe - nice when kill is the next command
killall xxx - kills all processes xxx and all child processes, where xxx is name
kill -9 xxx - kills process xxx with -9 signal (almost always kills the process), where xxx is pid
cat /etc/issue - name of distribution(should be)
cat file - shows the content of “file”
lsmod - shows list of loaded modules
ls - like dir in windows - a list of directories and files in the current directory
ls -all - ——————- || ————— with more information
cp source destination - copies “source” to “destination”
mv ———- || ——– - moves ————- || ———-
ln -s ———— || —— - creates soft link destination that points to source
touch xxx - creates an empty file xxx
mkdir xxx - creates directory xxx
rmdir -r xxx - removes(delete) directory xxx
rm xxx - removes(delete) file xxx
rm -rf xxx - removes(delete) file or directory xxx and all subdirectories and files of xxx without asking
addusr - script for adding users to the system
tar - xzvf filename.tar.gz - extracts filename.tar.gz
tar - xvf filename.tar- extracts filename.tar
bunzip filename.bz2 - extracts filename.bz2
gunzip filename.gz - extracts filename gz
unzip filename.zip - extracts filename.zip
rar x filename.rar - extracts filename.rar
jobs - list of stopped and background processes
fg xxx - continues a process where xxx is a job number
lsof - list of open files
lspci - list of pci devices in the machine (video cards, sound cards, IDE and USB conotrollers etc.)
watch -n xx - executes a command every xx seconds and prints the output
modprove -l |more - list of available modules for loading
modprobe modulename - tries to load modulname auto.
lsdev - information about DMA, IRQ I\O
insmod module - loads module “module”
rmmod module - removes module “module”
cd - change dir (like in DOS)
passwd - use this to change your password
ifconfig - setup of network interfaces (ethernet, ppp, etc)
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.1 bcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 -
will cetup interface eth0 with ip 192.168.0.1, mask 255.255.255.0 and
broadcast address 192.168.0.255

Recompilation of a 2.4 kernel:
1. cd /usr/src/linux
2. make config
2. make menuconfig
2. make xconfig (pod X)
#use one of the top tree commands
3. make clean; make dep; make bzImage; make modules; make modules_install
4. cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/[name of kernel image]
5. mcedit(or vim or pico or whatever editer you prefer) /etc/lilo.cof:
add these lines for every new kernel:

image = /boot/[name of kernel image]
root = /dev/hda6
label = somelabel
read-only

6. lilo
7. reboot

Recompilation of a 2.6 kenel:
1. cd /usr/src/linux
2. make config
2. make menuconfig
2. make xconfig (pod X)
#use one of the top tree commands
3. make clean; make; make modules_install
4. cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/[name of kernel image]
5. mcedit(or vim or pico or whatever editer you prefer) /etc/lilo.cof:
add these lines for every new kernel:

image = /boot/[name of kernel image]
root = /dev/hda6
label = somelabel
read-only

6. lilo
7. reboot

chmod - change of permissions of a file or directory
chown - change of owner of a file or directory
chgrp - change of group of a file or directory
chmod -u +w /temp/example - gives w (write) permission to the owner of /temp/example
chmod -u -w /temp/example - removes w (write) permission from the owner of /temp/example
here are the flags:
-u - owner
-g - group
-o - restoftheworld
-a - all of the above
——————-
w - write permission
r - read read permission
x - execute permission
the above 3 flags are used with + or - for adding or removing a particular permission